ELEAZAR BEN MATTATHIAS — (2nd century B.C.E.), Hasmonean; the fourth of mattathias sons (I Macc. 2:2–5). He was nicknamed Auran (Αυραν; ibid. 2:5) which in the original source may have been written with a ḥ – i.e., Ḥauran (as in Syriac) – or with an ayin – i.e., Auran.… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
GUSH ETZYON — (Heb. גוש עציון; Etzyon Bloc), group of 15 settlements in the Judean hills, located between Jerusalem and Hebron. The population of Gush Etzyon was about 17,000 in 2004. In 1947, at the outset of Israel s war of independence , Gush Etzyon… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
JUDAH MACCABEE — JUDAH MACCABEE, one of the great warriors of history, who laid the foundation of the future Hasmonean state. Judah, the third son of mattathias the Hasmonean, assumed leadership of the revolt against antiochus Epiphanes in accordance with the… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
LYSIAS° — (d. 162 B.C.E.), Syrian general during the Hasmonean War. When in the spring of 165 B.C.E. Antiochus IV went on an expedition to the east he appointed Lysias ruler of the western sector of the Seleucid empire, from the Euphrates to the border of… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
POPULATION — THE JEWISH POPULATION Growth by Aliyah In 1882 the Jewish population of Ereẓ Israel numbered some 24,000, roughly 5% of the total, and about 0.3% of the world Jewish population. Since then there has been an almost continuous flow of aliyah, which … Encyclopedia of Judaism
STERN, JOSEPH — (1803–1858), Hungarian rabbi. Stern was the son in law of menahem stern . He studied with Ḥayyim of Kosov in the home of his father Menahem Mendel of Kosov. Stern claimed that he had studied the Shulḥan Arukh, Yoreh De ah, 140 times and the other … Encyclopedia of Judaism
WISSENSCHAFT DES JUDENTUMS — (Ger.; Science of Judaism ; in Hebrew Ḥokhmat Yisrael). Origin and Definition The term Wissenschaft des Judentums first made its appearance among young Jewish intellectuals during the 1810s and 1820s. Its principal objective, as it was then… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
